How will the China-EU Investment Agreement affect the stainless steel industry?
作者:超級管(guǎn)理員 時間:2025-12-13 09:17:51 點擊(jī):361 次
OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.
Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.
So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?
1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?
Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?
ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.
2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?
Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.
FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.
However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.
3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?
Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.
FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.
Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.
中歐投資協(xié)定,對不鏽鋼行(háng)業影響幾何
2025年(nián)12月13日,中歐領導(dao)人共同宣布完(wan)成中歐全面投(tou)資協議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment),這是一(yī)個框架協議,旨(zhǐ)在取代中國和(he)歐盟成員國現(xiàn)有的雙邊投資(zi)條約,構建統一(yī)的中歐雙邊投(tóu)資制度。
這一談(tan)判經曆了35輪磋(cuo)商,前後持續超(chāo)過7年,談判曾一(yi)度停滞,近一年(nián)半内有所加快(kuài),終于在2020年年底(di)完♻️成談判,這也(yě)是繼區域全面(mian)經濟夥伴關系(xì)協定(RCEP)之後,中國(guo)完成的另一個(gè)重大對❗外開放(fang)舉措,也是在多(duo)年的逆🏃♀️全球化(huà)進程中,多邊主(zhu)義取得的又一(yi)次意義重大的(de)勝利。
那麼,“中歐(ōu)投資協定”談判(pàn)的完成,對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業會有影(ying)響嗎?
一、如果“中(zhong)歐投資協定”達(dá)成,歐盟對中國(guó)還會有關❌稅壁(bì)壘麼?
近年來,由(you)于歐盟對中國(guo)大陸的不鏽鋼(gang)出口持續的反(fǎn)🐕傾銷,目前歐盟(méng)對中國大陸不(bú)鏽鋼的征收稅(shui)💛率高達20%以上,那(na)麼,如果“中歐投(tou)資協定”達成,歐(ou)盟對中國還會(hui)有關🏃🏻稅壁壘麼(me)?
首先需要明确(què)的是,“中歐投資(zi)協定”并不涉及(jí)關稅🈲問題。其✨次(cì)👣,假設“中歐投資(zī)協定”對不鏽鋼(gang)出口有一定利(li)好,主要系不鏽(xiù)鋼的相關制成(chéng)品,比如家電等(deng)等。但初步談判(pàn)完成,協議需進(jìn)一步轉化成法(fǎ)律條文,并經過(guo)歐洲議會批準(zhǔn)後才可生效。該(gai)過程預計将在(zài)2021年下半✔️年才可(ke)開始。
二、從歐洲(zhou)開放領域來看(kàn),“中歐投資協定(dìng)”對中國不鏽鋼(gang)企業走出去有(yǒu)何影響?
從相關(guan)資料顯示來看(kàn),中歐投資協定(ding)将鎖定現有的(de)中國對歐投資(zi)市場準入權,同(tóng)時确保開放歐(ōu)洲能源、農業、漁(yu)業、視聽、公共服(fu)務等敏感領域(yu)。此外,根據《服務(wu)貿易總協定》(GATS),歐(ou)盟将在很大程(chéng)度上開放服務(wu)行業。
站在中國(guó)立場,歐洲開放(fang)領域,為中國投(tou)資者提供🌐了更(geng)☂️大的進入歐盟(meng)能源批發零售(shou)市場、可再生能(neng)源市場等領域(yu)的機🔞會,帶動中(zhong)國新能源、汽車(chē)等相關産業的(de)出口貿易發展(zhǎn)。對于中國投資(zī)者,該協議達成(cheng)還意⛱️味着在歐(ou)⭐盟有更多潛在(zai)的投資機會,包(bao)🔴括中國有競争(zhēng)優勢的建築産(chǎn)業、電信産業等(deng)等,屆🔴時或許會(huì)拉動國内不鏽(xiù)鋼需求。
但是從(cong)不鏽鋼企業角(jiao)度而言,國内不(bú)鏽鋼廠走出去(qu)在歐盟建廠的(de)可能性微乎其(qi)微。由于歐洲的(de)廢鋼積累量比(bǐ)較大,中國不鏽(xiù)鋼鋼廠走出去(qu)投資建設,在不(bu)鏽鋼冶煉成本(běn)上可能‼️會享有(you)一些優勢。但🏃♀️是(shì)目前歐㊙️洲的不(bu)鏽鋼鋼廠全部(bù)使用電爐生産(chan),若🙇🏻去歐洲建廠(chang),整體成本過于(yú)高昂。其次,從需(xū)求角度來講,歐(ōu)洲本土不鏽鋼(gāng)生産逐年下降(jiang),加之由于新冠(guàn)疫情的影響,歐(ou)洲經濟陷入低(di)迷✍️,需求端維持(chí)弱♈勢。因此,國内(nei)不鏽鋼廠去歐(ōu)洲建設工廠的(de)可能性,總體而(ér)言不存在。
三、從(cong)中國開放領域(yu)來看,“中歐投資(zi)協定”對國内的(de)不鏽鋼企✍️業有(yǒu)何影響?
在談判(pan)中,中國答應進(jìn)一步開放的領(lǐng)域包括制造業(ye)、汽車、金融服務(wù)業、醫療健康、通(tōng)訊/雲服務、計算(suàn)機服務、國際海(hǎi)運、航空運輸、商(shang)業服務、環境服(fu)務等。目前,大約(yuē)一半的歐盟對(duì)華直接投資集(ji)中在制造業領(lǐng)域,如運輸和電(dian)信設備、化學品(pǐn)、健康設備等等(děng)。而汽車領域方(fāng)面,中國同意逐(zhu)步取消合資企(qǐ)業要求,承諾新(xin)能源汽車的市(shi)場準入。此外,中(zhōng)國同意取消金(jin)融服務業及醫(yi)療健康領域中(zhong)部分行業的合(he)資要求。
站在歐(ou)盟的立場,歐盟(meng)在中國的汽車(chē)、消費品、生物醫(yi)藥、金融服務和(he)醫療衛生等衆(zhong)多領域出現了(le)新的機遇,但更(geng)多的可能是技(ji)術領域内的輸(shū)出,對不鏽鋼行(hang)業生産的影響(xiǎng)基本沒有。
綜上(shàng)所述,總體而言(yan),“中歐投資協定(dìng)”對不鏽鋼及不(bu)☁️鏽鋼企業本身(shen)并沒有什麼利(lì)好的影響,但對(duì)不鏽鋼制成品(pin)的出口可能會(huì)🛀是利好。
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