How will the China-EU Investment Agreement affect the stainless steel industry?
作者:超級管理員(yuan) 時間:2025-12-13 09:17:51 點擊:360 次
OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.
Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.
So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?
1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?
Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?
ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.
2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?
Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.
FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.
However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.
3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?
Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.
FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.
Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.
中歐(ou)投資協定,對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業影響幾何(hé)
2025年12月13日,中歐領導(dǎo)人共同宣布完成(cheng)中歐全面投資協(xié)♍議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment),這是一個框架(jia)協議,旨在取代中(zhong)國和歐盟成員國(guo)現有的雙邊投📐資(zī)條約,構建統一的(de)中歐雙邊投資制(zhi)度。
這一談判經曆(lì)了35輪磋商,前後持(chi)續超過7年,談判曾(ceng)一🚩度停滞,近一年(nian)半内有所加快,終(zhōng)于在2020年年底完成(cheng)談判,這也是繼區(qū)域全面經濟夥伴(ban)關系協定(RCEP)之後,中(zhong)國完成的另一個(gè)❤️重大對外開放🔞舉(jǔ)措,也是在多年的(de)逆全球化進程中(zhong),多邊🌈主義取得♉的(de)又一次意義重大(dà)的勝利。
那麼,“中歐(ōu)投資協定”談判的(de)完成,對不鏽鋼行(háng)業會☀️有影響嗎?
一(yī)、如果“中歐投資協(xie)定”達成,歐盟對中(zhōng)國還會有關稅壁(bì)🌈壘麼?
近年來,由于(yú)歐盟對中國大陸(lu)的不鏽鋼出口持(chí)續的反傾♍銷,目前(qián)歐盟對中國大陸(lu)不鏽鋼的征收稅(shuì)率高達20%以上,那麼(me),如果“中歐投資協(xie)定”達成,歐盟對中(zhōng)國還會有關稅壁(bi)壘麼?
首先需要明(míng)确的是,“中歐投資(zī)協定”并不涉及關(guan)稅問題㊙️。其🌏次,假設(shè)“中歐投資協定”對(dui)不鏽鋼出口有一(yi)定利⛹🏻♀️好,主要系不(bu)鏽鋼的相關制成(chéng)品,比如家電等等(děng)。但初💛步談判完成(cheng),協議需進一步轉(zhuan)化成法律條🚶文,并(bing)經過歐洲議會批(pī)準後才可生效。該(gāi)過程預計将在2021年(nian)下半年才可開始(shi)。
二、從歐洲開放領(lǐng)域來看,“中歐投資(zī)協定”對中國不🐅鏽(xiù)🌏鋼企業🔴走出去有(you)何影響?
從相關資(zī)料顯示來看,中歐(ou)投資協定将鎖定(ding)現有的中國對歐(ou)投資市場準入權(quan),同時确保開放歐(ou)洲能源、農業、漁業(yè)、視聽、公共服務等(deng)敏感領域。此外,根(gēn)據《服務貿易總協(xie)定》(GATS),歐盟将在很大(dà)程度上開放服務(wù)行業。
站在中國立(li)場,歐洲開放領域(yu),為中國投資者提(ti)供了更大的進🙇🏻入(ru)歐盟能源批發零(líng)售市場、可再生能(neng)源市場等領域的(de)機會,帶動中國新(xīn)能源、汽車等相關(guan)産業的出口貿易(yì)發展。對于中國投(tou)資者,該協議⛱️達成(cheng)還意味着在歐😘盟(meng)有更多‼️潛在的投(tou)資機會,包括中國(guó)有競争優勢的建(jiàn)築産業、電信産業(ye)等等,屆時或許會(hui)拉動國内不鏽鋼(gang)需求。
但是從不鏽(xiu)鋼企業角度而言(yán),國内不鏽鋼廠走(zǒu)出去在歐盟建🌍廠(chǎng)的可能性微乎其(qí)微。由于歐洲的廢(fei)鋼積累量💘比較🍉大(da),中國不鏽鋼鋼廠(chang)走出去投資建設(she),在不鏽鋼冶煉成(cheng)本上可能會享有(yǒu)一些優勢。但是目(mu)前歐洲的不鏽鋼(gang)鋼廠全部使用電(dian)爐生産,若去歐洲(zhou)建廠,整體成本過(guò)👅于高昂。其次✊,從需(xu)求角度來講,歐洲(zhou)本土不鏽鋼生産(chǎn)逐年下降,加之由(yóu)于新🏒冠疫情的影(yǐng)響,歐洲經濟陷入(rù)低迷🥰,需求端維持(chi)弱🚶♀️勢。因此,國内不(bu)鏽鋼廠去歐洲建(jiàn)設工🧑🏽🤝🧑🏻廠的可能性(xing),總體而言😍不存在(zài)。
三、從中國開放領(ling)域來看,“中歐投資(zi)協定”對國内的不(bu)鏽鋼企業有何影(yǐng)響?
在談判中,中國(guo)答應進一步開放(fang)的領域包括制造(zào)業、汽車、金融服務(wù)業、醫療健康、通訊(xun)/雲服務、計算機服(fú)務、國際海運、航空(kong)運輸、商業服務、環(huan)境服務等。目前,大(dà)約一半的歐盟對(dui)華直接投資集中(zhōng)在制造業領域,如(rú)運輸和電信設備(bei)、化學品、健康設備(bèi)等等。而汽車領域(yù)方面,中國同意逐(zhú)步取消合資企業(yè)要求,承諾新能源(yuan)汽車的市場準入(rù)。此外,中國同意取(qǔ)消金融服務業及(jí)醫療健康領域中(zhong)部分行業的合資(zi)要求。
站在歐盟的(de)立場,歐盟在中國(guo)的汽車、消費品、生(sheng)物醫藥、金融服務(wù)和醫療衛生等衆(zhong)多領域出現了新(xīn)的機遇,但更多的(de)可能是技術領域(yù)内的輸出,對不鏽(xiu)鋼行業生産的影(ying)響基本沒有。
綜上(shàng)所述,總體而言,“中(zhong)歐投資協定”對不(bu)鏽鋼及不鏽鋼企(qi)業本身并沒有什(shi)麼利好的影響,但(dan)對不鏽鋼制成品(pin)的出口可能會是(shi)利好。
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